Abstract: Objective:To investigate the difference and significance of the expression of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients treated with interferon and nucleotide analogue.Methods:Ten CHB patients were treated with interferon(IFN group),and 13 CHB patients were treated with nucleoside(acid) analogue (nucleoside group).The ratio of the peripheral blood CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^low/-Tregs was detected before and during treatment,and the difference of which was compared.Results:The CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^low/-Treg cells in two groups showed a downward trend,the difference between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.01).The differences of cells at the beginning of treatment,and at 3 and 6 months of treatment between two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05),and the difference of which at 9 months of treatment between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The effect of interferon on the level of CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^low/-Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with CHB is greater than that of nucleoside analogue,which suggests that it may have long-term immunomodulatory effects.